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Monday, April 27, 2020

Friedrich Froebel- Biography, Characteristics of play-way method, his educational philosophy, Importance of play-way method, Indoor and outdoor play-way activities, and Froebel's Gifts.

Friedrich Froebel [1782-1852]

Friedrich Froebel Theory and philosophy of education.

Friedrich Froebel was a German philosopher, an educationalist, and is regarded as the founder of the play-way method and kindergarten system in education. He invented the play way method which is used in the modern age. He was best known for creating the Kindergarten method. He believes that Humans are productive nad creative beings and as a result, he encouraged the creation of educational environments that involved practical work and direct use of educational materials.
Froebel believed that engaging the world humans' understanding unfolds, hence the significance of play. Play is a creative activity and with the help of play, children become aware of the place of their world. Play provides the environment of the physical, social, emotional, and physical environment. He contributes towards education by giving the famous kindergarten method/play way method in modern teaching.
He was also the first educational philosopher to talk about activity and its importance in young children's learning. He loved nature and looked at children as tender plants, teacher as a gardener, and school as a garden. Therefore, he coined the term kindergarten- the garden of children. Just as the gardener takes care of his tender plants; teachers carefully develop little children under their care and make them grow to beauty and perfection.

Friedrich Froebel Biography-

Friedrich Froebel was born in South Germany on 21 April 1782. His full name was Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel. In his early years, he was neglected. His mother lost while very young and his father did another marriage and stepmother don't give much attention to Froebel and his education also affected. His life was miserable with a stepmother. He acquired some religious instructions from his father who was a religious man. He went to his mother's brother's house and completed early education from Village local school. In the early years, he starts doing the job as a Forester and developed a love for nature. At 14, he becomes an apprentice to a forester. For him, everything from nature objects to acquire knowledge. So he comes into contact with an educationalist who was running a school. Here he met with Dr.grunert, who was director of the preprimary school. Here Froebel develops love and sympathy towards children and Dr. Grunert believed that Frobele has a quality which a good teacher should have. He becomes a teacher and liked his profession, but some years later joined the army from where he learned the significance of disciplined action.

This was a turning point of his life and from that, he develops the Kindergarten method and he started his 1 K.G school for 4-6 years old in 1837, but the Government did not like his method of education. Therefore, he was not allowed to run any school and died as a disappointed man. The great aim and purpose of his life may be summed up in his famous saying, "COME, LET US LIVE FOR OUR CHILDREN".

Literature by Friedrich Froebel

He wrote some books like:-

The Education of Man
Mother play and Nursery songs
Education and Development

The basic principles of Froebel philosophy of the play-way method.

-- Characteristics of the play-way method.

Principles of self-activity and socialization- A child should be given full freedom for free-play with less interference, but yet be disciplined with moral/ social values. The free play would enable the child to grow, learn, and develop naturally from within. This is because play makes a child happy and satisfied. The activity of the mind and freedom in education is the first law of the kindergarten system. He strongly believed that children have the ability to grow within and achieve their true potential. Being a naturalist, Froebel admired nature, beauty, art and emphasized manual activities that provide learning and life skills such as gardening, care of animals, domestic chores, etc. He believes that nature study would result in moral development, religious, upliftment, and spiritual insight. He firmly believed that a child becomes a human being because of socialization and therefore the child has to learn in the company of the other children. For him, the school was a social institution.
Learning through play with gifts/occupation- Froebel proposed that although the knowledge can be gained through freedom in play, the play activity should bot be aimless, but of great educational value. He, therefore, designed 20 key concrete wooden gifts for children to play and learn with- cubes, cylinders, blocks, and colored balls to name a few. These gifts were made of concrete wood that provides experiences in geometry, patterns, constructions, and math, etc. He also proposed some occupations which are material s to master certain skills like clay/wood for exploring solids, paper paint, Beads for surfaces/ points and weaving, and drawing for exploring lines. He encouraged children to appreciate and collect things from nature like twigs, leaves, sticks, etc. These play materials are simple and they give scope for stimulation. The children start understanding the things around him. A child's social attitude and behavior can be traced through his play activity. His inner desire comes out through his play activities.
Learning through songs, gestures, and constructions- Froebel believed that songs, gestures, and construction were the three basic forms in which children express themselves. Therefore, even while playing with gifts there was encouragement and cheer appropriate songs.

Role of teacher in a play-way method

Froebel suggested that the teacher should be an active participant and guide for the children. She should give ideas on how to play with the gifts and demonstrate the same through the songs. She should give freedom, at the same e time to ensure children are self-disciplined and they learn socio-emotional skills and moral values.

Importance of the Kindergarten method in Modern education.

How can we, as educators utilize aspects of this philosophy even in current times?

Below are the major ways in which this philosophy still continues to inspire all of us.

Including nature in the curriculum and making play an important part of learning.
Children are internally driven, they grow naturally from within like plants, therefore the right seeds should be sown to nurture them and help them reach their potential. While giving them freedom is very important; imparting discipline and social/moral values like sympathy, cooperation, care is of equal importance in Froebel's educational philosophy.
The principle of self-activity, learning by doing is the mantra even today. ACtivities and activity-based learning are of utmost importance in ECCED even today.
Sensory training through concrete materials and enhancing creativity by encouraging construction forms should be a part of a good ECCED curriculum.
Emphasis on the school as an institution of social development is well documented even today.
Stress on the study of the child's behavior for effective learning.
The teacher should be actively involved in the teaching, learning process. She should be encouraging, a good guide, and skilled enough to bring out the best in children.

Free Play activities revolving around Kindergarten methods.

Pretend play- It can be term as a role-play or imaginative play, where children pretend to be someone else and imitate their role in their play. Like most boys pretend of super-hero, or dad, King, any shopkeeper they noticed in the market, Santa Claus, Police officer, Chef, famous hero of their favorite film. Children love to do pretend to play with their equipment. Like they use their doctor set, they dress like a doctor and check their mates and pretend to be like a doctor. Many girls pretend to be like a teacher and teach their classmates and they act like their mom, cooking food, taking care of dad, cook fake food, taking care of dolls, making them dress-up, etc.

Importance of pretend play-

It helps to develop imagination and creativity.
Pretend play helps to develop their thinking, reasoning capabilities, and develop problem-solving abilities.
It helps to develop social development, emotional development, Physical development, motor development, moral development, language development, etc.
It also helps to improve communication skills, as they pretend to be someone else and try to communicate like them.

2] Threading Beads- Threading beads are an amazing activity given to 18 months old children, it involved a shoelace, or thick thread and beads, and children have to pass beads from those threads.

Importance of threading beads-

To enhance their eye-hand coordination skills.
To improve their imagination.
Threading beads also help to develop their memory, reasoning power, and problem-solving ability.
Threading beads also helps to learn concepts easily as it provides concrete experience to the child. They can learn math, by counting, learns numbers, addition, and subtraction, length, measurements, and patterns.
It helps to develop fine motor skills as it encourages children to exercise and refine these skills.
They can easily learn the color concept and also develop their sensory experiences.

3] Puzzles and Manipulative toys- Researchers believe that you can expect your little one to concentrate for about 2-5 minutes of their age. That means a 3-year-old might be able to concentrate on a task for 6 to 15 minutes while a 4-year-old might last 8 to 20 minutes.

Importance of Puzzles and manipulative toys-

Puzzles help to develop eye-hand coordination skills
It helps to develop fine motor skills.
It helps to boost the concentration power of the children if age-appropriate puzzles should be given.
It helps to boost memory, reasoning skills, and,problem-solving skills.
Puzzles help to develop concepts, puzzles based on animals, color, numbers, etc. helps to develop the concepts.

4] Constructive materials- { providing bars, screwdrivers, wheel, nuts/bolts, etc. which are child friendly so that the child could make a car, boat, or any other toy which he/she likes} Building with blocks.

5] Play with natural things like pebbles, leaves, rocks, sand, water, sticks, etc.

6] Art activities like drawing, painting, and clay.

7] Handwork like making toys from papers.

8] Story-telling.

Importance of storytelling-

It helps to develop social skills.
It helps to develop moral development, language skills, cognitive skills, etc.
It helps to develop concentration power.
It helps to understand the concepts very well.
It helps to develop reasoning capacity, problem-solving skills, and thinking.

9] Phythemic exercise, songs, instrumental music, dance.
10] Domestic activities like sweeping, washing plates, and manual activities like gardening.

Outdoor activities.

The outdoor equipment like swings, sea-saw, jungle-gym, climbing apparatus, etc. helps the children different to live together in a big community and share their rights.
Group activities are provided to children, like making them sing a song together, dance or play. The children are taken to small excursions to a nearby garden, zoo, park, post office, etc.

Froebel's Gifts

For complete education and training of a child. Froebel devised a series of gifts. The gifts are a series of os material that possesses all the novelty of plaything, yet they form the basis of his educational method. They are to train the senses of sight and touch, to give the child an idea of size and surface, and to present him with the correct idea of numbers. The gifts are to be given in a certain order. The graduation and order of gifts are determined by the principles of development.

First Gift: {form, color, and movements}:- Consisted of six colored yarn wooden balls. They develop in the children, the idea of color and material form, motion, direction, and muscular sensibility.
Second Gift: {Wooden balls, cylinder-shapes}:- Consists of a sphere, cube, and cylinder made of hardwood. Use the pieces to represents things from the child's life. Roll them. Count the number of surfaces, edges, corners, etc. Introduce concepts of on/under, Front/back, up/down, in front, of/behind, etc. Encourage the children's description through imaginative play.
Third Gift: {Number- cubes}:- This is a large cube divided into eight smaller equal cubes. From these, the child can build up a number of useful artistic forms such as branches, doors, bridges, etc. the third gift is often called as 'The first building blocks', the child gains elementary ideas of addition and subtraction through these cubes.
Fourth Gift: {Extent- rectangular prisms and bricks shaped blocks}:- Children learn new words like bricks, tile, steps, rectangle, direction, verticle, horizontal, height, width, length, etc. They learn symmetrical patterning/ designing.
Fifth Gift: {Symmetry- cubes and triangular prisms}:- The child can construct many beautiful patterns by combining the third, fourth, and fifth gifts. New terms like angle, triangle, rectangular prism can be introduced.
Sixth Gift: {proportion-blocks}:- Designs in forms and constructions may be made by the child and it will also be useful in teaching numbers. A discussion on fractions, volume, the area can happen.
Seventh Gift: {Surfaces-tablets}:- This is a set of square and triangular tablets made of very fine wood in two colors. It provides material for exercise in geometrical forms and mosaic work. The duty of a teacher, while the gifts are being presented to the children, is to give ideas of the occupation presented through demonstration. Though the gifts are altogether 20 in numbers, only the key seven gifts are described here.

Overview- Here we had discussed the founder of a play-way method called Friedrich Froebel, his philosophy on education and his 7 Gifts.

Thursday, April 23, 2020

53 Amazing Newborn baby facts.

Ess learning ChildDevelopment ,

Babies are like super-human on this planet. For new parents, it is like the beginning of new life being mom and dad. This new cute little member of a family who brings a lot of excitement, new experiences, and curiosity in a new parent's life. But, this experience is not less than an adventure.
This new period of adventure begins with pregnancy and continues throughout life lots of new facts get to reveal.
A cute, little baby with lots of surprising and full of curiosity eyes make parents see a new world. This cuteness in their eyes is the best gift for tired people. As new parents begin their journey, the baby shows lots of new facts which make the parent's life full of surprises.
We adults misunderstand the power of baby we believe that babies only do 3 things in their early years, eating, sleeping, and poop.
But there are lots of newborn baby facts which are not known for many of us.

53 Amazing Newborn baby facts.

Surprising and Interesting Baby facts:-

Your newborn needs to be close to you- The baby's entire body is designed to help her feel safe. Her sweet little nose, large eyes, round forehead, and chubby arms, and legs are all designed to trigger emotional responses that elicit a feeling of fierce love and protection so you will do everything in your power to keep her feeling warm and safe.
Your Baby is tear-free- Your Babies can't actually cry because as they can't produce tears there is an absence of tear ducts in the baby, they can't shed tears. For the first few weeks they basically just screaming. This is because, as babies are not born with psychic tearing or tears that indicate emotional distress of individual, they born with basal tearing, which helps to keep eyes moist and healthy and reflex tearing that respond to an irritant. Between 2-4 months of age, a baby will start crying with tears when it gets upset.
Your Baby has a strong sense of smell- Babies used to recognize the sound and smell of their mother almost immediately after birth. Recognizing mother visually takes a few weeks longer. For the baby, the sweat of their mother is like fragrance and sweat of others as a bad odor. So it helps the baby to recognize the mother as the baby can't identify by face immediately after birth.
Your newborn is nearsighted- Your newborn baby only sees till 20-30 cm which is [8-12 inches] in front of their faces. As their visual acuity is very less 20/400.
Your newborn only sees black and white- Newborn can't see any other color except black and white because the nerve cells in his retina and brain that control the vision are not fully developed.
Your baby is born swimmers- babies are born with natural swimming abilities. They can easily hold they breathe underwater and but they lose these skills shortly after birth.
Your baby's name influences his life- Researches indicate that a baby's name influences a baby's life into adulthood. For.eg- a newborn baby [boy] with a feminine name could lead to behavioral problems in life.
Your newborn inner ear is fully developed- The baby's ear is completely developed at the time of birth, the baby within 1/2 hr after birth able to recognize the direction from which the sound is coming and move head accordingly.
Your newborn born without Kneecap's- The baby's born without knee cap, as knee cap doesn't develop into the hard bone until the age between 3yr and 5yr.
Your hairy baby-Yes babies are born with many hairs on their body called lanugo- which produce during the second trimester inside the womb to keep baby warm, and many baby's hairs shed in the womb only or after 4/5 baths within first few weeks.
The shape of your baby head can change- baby's born with a soft skull, which helps them to easily pass through the birth canal. After birth, it takes 9-18 months to develop the skull fully. This time care should be maintained and baby hand should be placed on the soft pillow to maintain the proper shape of the skull if care should not maintain so it also develops conditions like Positional Plagiocephaly, which means flat surface from back side or side of the head. But it doesn't interfere in the brain development of the baby.
Your newborn able to recognize the mood- A newborn can easily recognize and differentiate the mood of an individual by the tone of their speaking. If you will be in an angry mood and shout baby, he starts crying and show the sign of irritation, and if you are smiling and talk with baby in happy mood baby gives you welcoming signs.
Baby with Birthmarks - According to researchers finding, approximately 80% to 85% of neonates are born with some form of birthmarks.
Your baby's taste buds- The baby has around 10,000 taste buds, which is WAY more than adults! They are not just on the tongue, but also on the sides, back, and roof of the mouth. Eventually, these extra taste buds disappear.
Your Baby with 300 bones- Yes, your newborn born with 300 bones and later on extra bones fuse together during development.
Your baby born don't have Bodyclock- There is no fixed routine for sleep till 2/3 months after the birth as baby require time to adapt in their environment. They don't have any Circadian rhythm- the baby doesn't know what is morning and night, and when to wake up or to sleep. It takes around 12 weeks to recognize the difference between day and night, it takes around 3-5 months to understand the day and night pattern.
Famous premature babies include Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Mark Twain, Stevie wonder, Johannes Kepler.
Birthday- Popular day to give birth is Tuesday.
Color of your baby's eye-balls- At the time of birth the eyes of your baby are bluish grey, though the color changes to permanent color within several weeks.
Your baby's brain uses 50% of glucose in its body.
The size of your baby's eye is 3/4 size of adult size.
Your baby is connected to your emotions and your feelings- even before he/she is born. Researchers had pregnant women listen to different types of songs via headphones and then tracked their baby’s movements with an ultrasound. If the mom was listening to music that she enjoyed, the babies moved around more. While many babies move around when music is playing, the headphones meant that the babies were responding to their mother’s emotions and not the music itself.
Rapid Growth of your baby- A baby is continuing to grow at the same rate as it is in the first year till 20 yrs of age then it would be 30 feet tall.
The breathing rate of your baby-A newborn baby's normal breathing rate is around 40 times per minute.
Your baby is always listening- Even before they’re born. A baby as young as 2 days old will recognize his mother’s voice, even if he only hears one single syllable.
Children memory- Children don't remember much before the age of 3, due to condition called 'infantile amnesia,' it is also called childhood amnesia. It is the condition where adults have the inability to recollect the memories, events of their childhood before the age of 2-4 yrs. Neurologists say that early years experiences never make it into long term memory banks because the brain's recording machinery isn't functional yet or because of memory is tied up with language acquisition.
Oily skin of your newborn- It is normal as all newborns are covered with vernix caseosa, oily protection against infection which tries off within the first few days.
Muscles of your baby- At the time of birth, the muscles of the neck and legs are less developed than the muscles of the hands and arms.
Attractive eye's fact of your newborn- The newborn pupils enlarged after birth which makes newborn more attractive and cute and everyone falls in love with their eyes. A baby's eyes are 75% of their adult size and the visual acuity is around 20/400 and his rapidly developed vision reached 20/20 which is like adults when he is 3 to 5 yrs old.
The researcher believes that if a newborn is hungry and a place near mom or her stomach baby uses her arms and legs and through the help of their reflexes baby find the breast of mother and satisfy their hunger.
Newborns are only able to focus 8-10 inches from their faces.
Many researchers found in their study that the symbol of No, is by shaking the head comes from newborn as they turn their head away from food when they are full or don't want to eat.
According to research conducted by The University of Helsinki, Your baby recognizes the music they hear in the womb for up to 4 months after birth. In fact, the song that used to hear inside the womb soothes his/her crankiness
Rapid brain development of your baby- Baby's brain development is more rapid after they were born and more than doubling to reach 60% of its adult size by the baby's first bday.
The fast Heart rate of your baby- The newborn heartbeat was twice as fast as an adult. The heartbeat of the newborn is between 130-160 beats per minute.
Most premature babies are left-handed.
Your newborn blood amount- Baby contains any bare blood in their body. A newborn weighing about 2.5-3.5 kg and contains only 1 cup of blood in their entire body.
Baby repairs your system- It is wrong to understand that baby is helpless in the womb, as A baby in the womb can send stem cells to repair damaged organs of the mother.
Sleeping style of your baby- Babies can sleep with their opened eyes, or moving eyeballs.
Huge head of your baby- A baby's head is huge and covers 1/4 parts of total body length, and an adult is 1/8 of their height.
No dreams for your baby- baby can't able to dream, as we dream about the thing which we are able to think and imagine as a baby receive and imagine any concept or picture so that's why newborns can't dream.
Your baby has a discrete cry- As the baby has its own discrete cry which mom able to distinguish after 4/5 days after birth. Doctors and researches have proven that their discrete cry makes new mom identify own baby, as in early years babies look similar so their cry is discrete which makes mom distinguish her baby.
Prenatal influences on your baby- The prenatal development of the baby influences the postnatal development of the baby as well. In prenatal development, if a mother suffering from Rubella, so baby can show some defects like heart defects, deafness, low birth weight, intellectual disabilities, etc. If the mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy so, her baby can suffer from Fetal Alcohol syndrome, baby shows signs like premature birth, heart defects, brain defect, and hearing issues, intellectual and developmental disabilities, delay in physical development. So the mother's prenatal development influences the baby's life.
Birthday Month facts- Many researches have found that babies who born in the month of "May", usually weight more about 200/300 grams than those born in other months.
The baby's power- The grasping power of a newborn is so strong that its whole body can hang in mid-air, with its bent fingers supporting its weight.
Until 7 months baby's can breathe and swallow at the same time.
The Word "baby" may come from the baby's speech development step called babbling as ba-ba-ba-ba.
Male or Female voice, what's your baby choices?- Babies prefer to give respond to the female voice which is higher in pitch than to male voice.
weight of the baby- The approx weight of the baby is between 2.5-3.5 kg.
Male or female- The baby boy is heavier than the girl child.
The Heaviest child in India- Mother aged 20, gave birth to a baby girl by C-section at Karnataka [India]. It is the biggest baby in India. The baby height is 21cm and normally it is about 50cm and the weight is 6.8kg. Doctors try to find the reason, the overweight newborns are normal in cases where the mother is diabetic but here mother is fit. The doctor said it is a king of inborn error of metabolism. The record so far heaviest Indian baby is held by a boy of Uttar Pradesh weighed 6.7kg. The world record for the heaviest baby was for Boy in Italy in 1955. The boy weighed 10.2kg.
The Youngest Mother in India- In 1932, 6yrs old girl in Delhi gave birth to a baby girl by C-section. The girl has never menstruated but nurses her child for 9 months. So there is a belief that the menstruation cycle is important for pregnancy is now questioned?
Oldest Mother in India- The age of the mother is 72yrs, from Amritsar India. On 12 April 2016 Daljinder Kaur gave birth to a son at age of 72. After 5 decades of marriage, Kaur was finally able to have a baby after undergoing 2 years of IVF treatment.

These are some interesting facts which many of you are unaware of. I hope you all love these posts and it may be helpful for you all.

Monday, April 20, 2020

Ramadan 2020- Facts, Importance, history, Rules of Ramadan, Fasting and Eid-ul-fitr 2020.

Ess learning Festivals ,

You all might have a rough idea about Ramadan that Muslims fast during this month and broke their fast at the time of iftar and end of this month there is a celebration of ending the fasting period called [Eid-Ul-Fitr]. Ramadan is the 9th and most superior month in all Islamic years. Ramadan word is derived from the Arabic word "Ramaz" which means 'Burn with Heat'. Because when the name of Islamic months was derived from old Arabic speakers so that time, the name of months were given according to season mainly. By consequently, it was a great heat in Ramadan that's why this month was called "Ramadan".This is the month when the doors of Jannah are opened as this month starts and shaitan [Evil] are chained. This is the month, in which return of Nafal increase equal to Farz and the return of Farz increases to 70 times. This us the months whose first 10 days are for "Rehmat" and the middle ten days are "Magfirat" and the last 10 days are for "Freedom from Hell".

This is the month, 1500 bounties are written for those who do "Qayaam" in the night of this month. Anyone who keeps the first fast of this month all his sins are forgiven and this is the month, whose first night Allah Almighty looks mercy to his creation and all sins are forgiven in this month. This is that month, about which The Holy Prophet Mohammad said if my Ummah knows that what is in Ramadan month so they wish that Alas! it would have been Ramadan whole year. This is the month of patience and consent and in this month the earning of Muslim is increased. This is that month in which deads will not have been asked questions in the grave. and this is the months in which sleeping of that person who keeps fasting is also counted as worship. This is the most mentioned month in the Holy Quran This is the month, in which 60, 000 sinners get released from hell. This is the month there is a night which is better than one thousand months and that is " Laila Tul Qadar" the worship of this night is superior more than 1 thousand months. As this month is to get Blessings, Forgiveness, and benediction.

The expected date of Ramadan, Ramazan 2020 was 23 April 2020 [Thursday] and the Eid-ul-Fitr date was 23 May 2020[saturday].

Ramadan is the month of fasting and very blissful months for all Muslims.

Beginning of Ramadan- As Ramadan comes after 15 days of Shab-e-Barat [which is one of the greatest nights], after 15 days when Muslims see the moon of the Ramadan then beginning of Ramadan was there and they start to perform special namaaz at night called Taravee, and around midnight they eat food and drink water and before the morning prayer their fast began and the whole day they fast and avoid drinking and eating anything, and perform lots of prayers and at time of sunset there was a time of iftar where the whole family together pray to god and break the fast with dates.

Significance of the Holy month Ramadan.

Ramadan is the Month of the Quran:- Ramadan is the Holy month and the most important event held in this month is that "The first verses of Quran were revealed to Prophet Mohammad during Ramadan only. Quran is the Holy book of Muslims, which teaches humanity to Muslims. It is the Holy book of Allah which gives Guidance of humanity so that's why during the month of Ramadan Muslims read the Quran while fasting and understand the meaning and implement in their life.
Pillar of Islam:- There are 5 pillars of Islam and 1 of them is Fasting, which Muslims do during the whole month of Ramadan, they eat and drink before sunrise and throughout the day they fast, and at time of sunset which is the time of Iftar [Magrib] they break their fast by reciting dua and break with date and water.
Months of Charity:- Ramadan is not only for fasting, but it is also the month to understand the importance of food and water and do charity from own wealth. Muslims remain hungry and thirsty all day long, so they understand what pain might hungry and poor people go through. So they give lots of Voluntary charity called {Sadqa} and Obligatory Charity called {zakat}. Give money and food to the needy people and gain spiritual reward is also a part of Ramadan. Sadqa one can also give any time of any month as well, but Zakat is especially given in the month of Ramadan, Zakat, {how much the person and their family have property is given accordingly}, Muslims believe that Zakat brings rain and calm Allah's anger.
Rewards are Multiplied:- Prophet Mohammad said in the Quran, in the month of Ramadan the good deads multiples by 70 times and evil is chained in this whole month. As evil [shaitan] is locked therefore he can't have a bad influence on any Muslims. Evil can't convince Muslims to do anything bad and hence they become easy to do more good deads and come close to Allah.
The month of Forgiveness:- Muslims believe that there is another life after death and they have to answer the question about their deeds once they die. There is the day of Qayamat, in which every person has to answer each and everything they did [good or bad], on the Day of Judgment. So in Ramadan, prayer for forgiveness is important. Those who die in the month of Ramadan are sending to Jannah. In this month, Muslims asked for forgiveness to gods, to people whom they hurt. Single good deads multiples by 70, rewards of good deads is much more. Prayers and dua's are accepted fast while fasting mainly at the time of Iftar. Muslims pray more at night and perform special namaz called Taravee. [ which is the longest namaaz]
Ramadan is the month of Self- Control:- As people believe that once you feel thirsty or hungry can breakfast, it is easy. But it is the month in which Muslims control their pangs of hunger and thirst and they do their household work or regular activity as it is. It is easy to breakfast when no one is watching us, but Muslims believe that God is always watching us. At the time of Iftar, when the full table is filled with lots of yummy delicious but Muslims wait for the time of Iftar and then they eat. so it teaches everyone to control one's self, and the brain and make will strong.
Teaches to be Thankful and Grateful:- Ramadan is the months which also make people be thankful for the things they have like food, water, health, wealth. Being hungry and thirsty all day long realizes the importance of food and water.
Detox Month:- This is the month, which detox one's soul, body by controlling on one's self, by keeping fast it helps to detox the body and make healthy.
Make a person stronger:- In this month, Muslims do lots of prayer and charity, and they become close to the god and away from bad influences of life which makes the person stronger.
Holy 30 days:- This is the months, where the first 10 days are for "Rehmat" {blessing} and the middle ten days are "Magfirat" {Maghfirat means that a person has been forgiven for an act they have done in their life, intentionally or unintentionally} the last 10 days are for "Freedom from Hell".
Biggest Night for Muslims:- In the last 10 fast {21-29/30}, this night comes. The night which is better than one thousand months and that is " Laila Tul Qadar" the worship of this night is superior more than 1 thousand months. As this month is to get Blessings, Forgiveness, and benediction.
Death of Imam Ali:- The son-in-law of Prophet Mohammad, and son of Abu Talib, called Ali ibn Abu Talib, who was born on Friday 13 Rajjab [7 months of Islam}at Kaba {makka}, Imam Ali was also called as Haider. There was no match of Imam Ali's power, knowledge, bravery, generosity, and courage. There is no personality like Imam Ali on this earth before and after him. Hazarat Imam Ali was killed by Poisoned glaive on 19 Ramadan at the time of Fazr namaaz. When Imam Ali started the Fazr NAmaaz and went into Sajads, bn-muljim attacked Imam Ali's head with poisoned glaive and scars were up to the forehead. This incident took place at 19 Ramadan, at Kufa's Mosque, At that time Imam Ali was fasting and the effect of poison was spread all his body and his son and followers took him to his house, he died on 21 Ramadaan, but he kept fast in that condition also. Imam Ali was murdered in Kufah mosque {Iraq} on 19 of Ramadan at age of 63. He was buried in -Najaf [South Iraq].

Rules for Ramadan and fasting.

Muslims are not allowed to do a certain thing while they are fasting:-

Eating
Drinking
Smoking
Sexual activity
Gossiping
No listening to music and watching TV.
No backbiting
swearing and other sinful behaviors.

Do's during the Ramadan:-

Prayer
Reciting Quran
Giving charity in the form of Sadqa and Zakat
Helping needy one and other good deads.

Who can do Fasting:-

A mature child who passed Puberty for them it is compulsory to do fasting and those who are fit and healthy.

Those who are an exemption from fasting include:-

The girls in Puberty, Pregnant and nursing women can't do fasting, but they have to keep fast of those days at any other days after Ramadan.

The Elderly, Ill people and diabetic and those who are suffering from any mental disability. Those who not able to keep fasting due to any illness can give Kufara.

{money to needy people}.

Benefits For eating dates:-

Muslims believe in breaking fast by eating dates and water. But as many Muslims believe that Dates are the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad but it also has many health benefits. Dates are the fruit of the date palm tree, which is grown in many tropical regions of the world. Dates are of two kinds dry and fresh dates, wrinkled skin and smooth skin dates. Dates are chewy with a sweet flavor. They are also high in some important nutrients and have a variety of advantages:-

Improve Bone Health:- dates worked wonders on your bone health. Dates are high in selenium, manganese, copper which is required for keeping bones healthy and prevent from a disease like osteoporosis.
Natural Sweetness:- dates are natural sources of sweetness and contain fructose. Dates are a naturally sweet and healthy substitute for sugar in recipes due to the nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants that they provide. The best way to substitute dates for white sugar is to make date paste. It is made by mixing dates with water in a blender, replace sugar with date paste at a 1:1 ratio.
Help prevent Night Blindness:- Many people struggle with vision under poor lighting conditions even though their eyes may physically be a great shape. Dates can also play an important role in delaying macular degeneration of the eye as a result of aging, helping preserve vision for a longer time.
Regulates Blood pressure:- Dates are rich in potassium, and the mineral which helps lower blood pressure levels. One date contains about 167 mg of potassium, which is relatively high compared to other fruits. Not taking an adequate amount of potassium can also lead to kidney stones.

Dates help in improving bone health, preserve brain function, prevent blindness, promote weight gain, prevent Hemorrhoids, improve skin, improve heart health, regulates blood pressure and help to control cholesterol levels. This is some benefit of dates, as fasting continues about 15/16 hours so it is necessary to have proper health and 2 dates can provide enough energy.

Dr.Meltem Yalinay's research on How Fasting affects our gut health.

Islamic fasting is a very good model for the gut microbiota richness and gut microbiota health.

Melton says They designed a project related to Islamic fasting. Before this Ramadan period, they took the stool samples of the Muslim individuals and afterward at the end of this Islamic fasting period they again took the samples of their stools and they examined the samples and compare theirs before and after samples of stools.

For the blood side total, cholesterol and blood glucose levels were influenced by this period in a very good way. But when they come to the gut microbiota samples actually were so interesting. Gut microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms that live in our digestive tracts. It plays a key role in our metabolism and general health.

In their research, they found that the "types of bacteria which we related to being the good ones for the gut microbiota and the ones that are related to the metabolism rise and metabolism of the gut are found to be increased". They believe that gut microbiota likes this period so much, they believe that number of eating periods so hunger is a very good parameter for us. The three meals a day does not so much fit for adults. Actually, the two main meals may be more suitable. The results actually show this.

Eid-Ul-Fitr

At the end of the Month of Ramadan, there is the celebration of breaking the fast called "Eid-ul-Fitr".

Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated on the 1 day of the 10th Islamic month called Shawwal.

Muslims have 2 main festivals called Eid, which is Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha. The eid which is celebrated after the holy month of Ramadan is the Eid-ul-Fitr, which means breaking the fast, "festival of breaking the fast". It is a three-day celebration.

When Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated?

Eid ul Fitr is celebrated at the end of Ramadan month and the beginning of the 10th Islamic month. Eid was celebrated after sighting the moon after the Iftar.

How Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated?

Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated after sighting the moon of the 10 months of Islamic year called Shawwal. During the time of Eid, the women and girls apply Mehandi on their hands and all Muslims buy new clothes and accessories. On the day of Eid-ul-Fitr, no one is allowed to keep fast, as it is the festival of celebration. In the early morning, the Muslims take a bath called {gusul} to clean and purify their body and wear new clothes and after the Fajr namaaz, all Muslim men go for the special communal prayer for Eid-ul-Fitr called Kudaba.

After Kudaba, all Muslim men hug each other and wish for Eid, by greeting "Eid Mubarak". This is the time of celebration by eating sweets called sewai. Muslims exchange the gifts called Eidi, where adult and earning member of the family gives Eidi [Money] to the children and those who are younger to them and other family members.

Muslims greet each other by shaking hands and hugging and wishing Eid Mubarak. For the celebration, Muslims went to their relative's house and celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Pregnancy- early and late pregnancy symptoms, types of Pregnancy Diagnostic Tests, Minor and major signals during pregnancy, factors affecting prenatal development and care during pregnancy.

Ess learning ChildDevelopment ,

Pregnancy symptoms.

Pregnancy is a new experience that is new for new parents. This experience took 9 months to experienced in real words. for Motherhood and fatherhood, pregnancy is the first challenging phase that includes 3 trimesters. This 3 trimester includes 9 months, which is really long moments for welcoming new family members. As in the previous post, we already discussed some Major points related to Prenatal Development. Let's discuss the other major points about Pregnancy.

Let's first talk about the symptoms of Pregnancy. [ early pregnancy sysmptoms]

Amenorrhea- Absence of menstrual cycle during active sexual periods of life.
Nausea- Most pregnant women may have a sensation of vomiting. They can feel nausea at any time of the day.
Tiredness- In early pregnancy, many women may feel tired and sleepy. Hence pregnant ladies must take rest when it's needed.

[Late pregnancy symptoms].

Changes in breast- Breast becomes enlarge and tender, more noticeable as soon as pregnancy occurs. The nipple aureola darkness and from the 12th week, colostrum, a clear yellow fluid is secreted from nipples.
Frequent urination/ Mictarition- The enlarging of the uterus presses on the bladder and the result is frequent urination. During pregnancy many women feel very thirty and secrete more liquid, thereby again resulting in frequent urination.
Enlargement of the uterus- It is rapid and uniform due to the growing fetus.
Quickening- Movement of the fetus is felt by the mother usually around 4 months.
Other- In some women increased vaginal discharged secretions may be seen. In some women pigmentation of face and abdominal region can be seen.

Pregnancy Diagnostic Tests

Pregnancy Test

Urine Test:- 6-8 weeks from the last menstrual cycle [LMC], the gonadotropin hormone is seen in sufficient quantity. The first urine in the morning has to be tested for accurate results.
Fetal Heart sounds:- Able to detect by 5 months, Rate of heartbeat is around 120-140 per minute. In boys, it is below 130 and in girls, it is above it.
Sonography, Ultrasound scanning:- Sonography is used to observe the growth and development of the fetus during pregnancy. physical and brain development of the fetus is seen with the help of this. A picture of the developing embryo can be obtained by 5-6 weeks after LMC. By 8 week a clear picture of the embryo with its heart beating is visible. It is widely used now.

Danger Signals During Pregnancy.

A] Minor disturbances during pregnancy-

Morning sickness and Nausea- Many women suffer from nausea and vomiting. It is thought that the condition may be due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, decreased glucose levels and increased levels of ketone bodies. It can affect her daily routine. It can be controlled by eating little and often throughout the day instead of overeating or forcing on big meals. Pregnant women may have dry biscuits, Fruit juices, dry toast, sugary drinks for energy. Cutting down fried foods also helps relieve nausea.
Backache- Hormones of pregnancy soften the ligaments and joints especially those of the lower back. The enlarging uterus changes her postures. The posture of pregnant women may be such that the pressure on her back is more, hence she bends her shoulder backward and walks. Their results in backache. Supporting the lower back with a cushion when sitting, not standing for long periods can bring some relief. She should wear comfortable footwear, preferably flat ones.
Frequent Urination- The enlarged uterus puts pressure on the bladder. So pregnant women have frequent urination. This is seen in the first and last trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women should not drink any fluid or any water two hours prior to sleeping.
Varicose veins- The pregnant women have more blood circulation than a non- pregnant woman, because of this, the blood vessels get dilated. Most varicose veins disappear in 2-3 months after delivery. The pregnant woman avoids standing for too long, can wear support tights if suggested and prescribed by the doctor. While sitting she must keep legs on a raised stool or cushion.
Constipation- This could be due to lack of dietary fiber, poor intake of water, lack of exercise, changes in the internal system and irregular bowel habits. This may cause nausea, headache, restlessness. The pregnant woman can drink more fluids i.e. @ liters a day at least. She can eat bran oatmeal, porridge, fresh green leafy vegetables, etc. For severely affected woman glycerin suppositories for insertion in the back passage may be used.
Heartburn/indigestion- Due to the enlargement of the uterus there is pressure on the stomach. This affects the functioning of the digestive system. Acid secretions from the stomach come on the lower parts of the gullet or food pipe causing a sensation of heartburn. A few sips of cold milk, eating small meals more often, avoiding lying flat on the back, avoiding bending or sitting in a hunched position, taking indigestion pills can relieve the above.

b] Major Disturbances-

Toxemia- It is a complication that may occur before 26 weeks of pregnancy or before. This could be seen in women with multiple pregnancies, in women with a family history of high blood pressure, swelling of face, feet, body, generalized fluid retention, weight gain, high BP, headache, blurred vision, spots before eyes are symptoms of Toxemia. The condition is mild, treated by proper diet with salt restriction and rest. In severe cases, anti-hypertensive drugs can be given or mothers may have convulsion or Eclampsia. It results in the death of a baby before birth.
Anemia- Iron deficiency in the body called Anemia. Few causes of anemia are less intake of iron, lack of folic acid, and less amount of hemoglobin in the blood. The woman feels weak, there is the loss of appetite, fatigue, and breathlessness on slight exertion. She should take a diet rich in leafy vegetables, eggs, meat, and iron tablets after consulting the doctor, her requirements being 35 mg of iron per day.
Vaginal bleeding [Hemorrhage]- Heavy bleeding with pain and tenderness over the uterus. This may be due to exertion or strain, emotional shocks, accidents, etc. Blood escapes in a steady stream or clots. So the doctor should be consulted immediately. Vaginal bleeding after 28 weeks is called antepartum hemorrhage. There are 2 types of antepartum hemorrhage- placenta previa [when the placenta is attached to the lower part of the uterus] and placenta abruption [ placenta separates from attachements]. In the placenta pre via antepartum hemorrhage may be caused before labor. In placenta abruption, the placenta gets separated from its attachments and the fetus is in danger of lack of supply of oxygen. This may cause the death of the fetus or caused abnormalities in a fetus. Therefore any vaginal bleeding should be reported to the doctor.
Urinary Infection- Urinary infection during pregnancy is due to the high level of hormones in the blood causing an ideal medium for the growth of bacteria. Increased intake of the water is usually advised. Any medication should be as per the doctor's suggestion only.
Prolonged Vomiting- Many women during pregnancy continue to have vomiting due to which their intake for foods gets affected, they may get weak and dehydrated. A doctor's advice in such a case is urgently required.
Insomnia- The pregnant woman may feel tired but is unable to go to sleep. Unless the insomnia is persistent any drug treatment should be avoided. Insomnia may be due to worry, in such cases, a doctor's help can be taken.

Factors affecting Prenatal Development-

Maternal Age- Earlier we indicated that women who delay having children until they are in their thirties or forties face a greater risk of infertility, miscarriage, and giving birth to babies with chromosomal defects. Are other pregnancy problems more common for older mothers?

For many years. scientists thought that aging of the mother's reproductive organs increased the likelihood of a wide variety of pregnancy complications. Recently, this idea has been questioned. New studies reveal; that once serious health problems can also happen to a woman in 20 rather than a woman in the 40's. As long as the older woman is in good health, she can carry a baby successfully. Many studies reveal that the best age for a woman to bear a child is 23-29 years, the girl's reproductive organs are not well developed and hormones have not reached the maximum and optimum level of functioning. If above 35 years there are more chances of miscarriage, abnormalities, stillbirth, etc.

2. Previous Births- When a mother has already had several children, does her uterus start to wear out, so that more problems are experienced by later-born babies? This is another commonly held belief that has not been supported by research. One large study of over 50,000 pregnancies showed no relationship between a number of previous births and the overall rate of prenatal problems.

A few birth defects are more likely to occur in later pregnancies, but a worn-out uterus is not the cause of them. Instead, health problems have built up in these mothers over time, usually long-term exposure to a harmful environment. Maternal alcohol abuse is a good example. Maternal diet, disease, etc can affect the later pregnancies.

3. Maternal Disease- Illness of the mother affects the fetus's growth and development. If a mother has diabetes, the baby can have the possibility of having diabetes or physical abnormalities or abortion. Jaundice causes damage to the liver and may result in the birth of a premature child. If the mother is suffering from chickenpox, it may affect the ear and heart of the fetus. Mother having rubella causes bigot's spot to baby from birth, deafness, and affects the heart, ear, and brain.
4. Radiation- When mothers are exposed to radiation during pregnancy, additional harm can come to the embryo or fetus. defects due to radiation were tragically apparent in the children born to pregnant Japanese women who survived the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War 2. Miscarriage, slow physical growth, an underdeveloped brain, and malformations of the skeleton and eyes were common. Research suggests that it takes large quantities of radiation over an extended period of time to damage the ovum and sperm before conception. In contrast, once prenatal development os underway, even low-level radiation from medical X-rays or leakage in the workplace may not be safe. Women need to tell their doctor if they are pregnant or trying to become pregnant before having X-ray examinations. They also avoid work environments in which they might be exposed to X-rays.
5. Medicines [ Prescription and Non-prescription Drugs]- Just about any drugs taken by the mother can enter the embryonic or fetal bloodstream. In the early 1960s, the world learned the tragic lesson about drugs and prenatal development. At that time, a sedative called thalidomide was widely available in Europe, Canada, and South America. Although the embryos of test animals were not harmed by it, in humans it had drastic effects. When it was taken by mothers between the 4 to 6 weeks after conception, thalidomide produced gross deformities of the embryo's developing arms and legs. About 7,000 infants around the world were affected in this way. In addition to this, as children exposed to thalidomide grew older, a large number of them scored below average in intelligence. Perhaps, the drug damages the Central Nervous system directly.
Despite the bitter lesson of thalidomide, many pregnant women continue to take over the counter drugs without consulting with the doctors. Aspirin is one of them. Several studies suggest that repeated use of aspirin is linked to low birth weight, infant death around the time o birth, poorer motor development, and lower intelligence test scores in early childhood. Another frequently consumed drug is caffeine, contained in coffee. Heavy caffeine intake is associated with prematurity, miscarriage, and newborn withdrawal symptoms, such as irritability, and vomiting.
6. Smoking- In early 1970, scientists already suspected that exposure to a potentially addictive drug contained in cigarettes, nicotine, was dangerous to the embryo and fetus. Today, the evidence is quite clear. The most well-known effect of smoking during pregnancy is low birth weight. Bt the likelihood of other serious consequences, such as prematurity, miscarriage, and infant death is also increased. The more cigarette a mother smokes, the greater the chances that her baby will be affected. Even when a bay of a smoking mother appears to be born in good physical conditions, slight behavioral abnormalities may threaten the child's development. They are less responsive to their surroundings than other infants.
Investigators have begun to discover exactly to nicotine before birth harm the fetus. Nicotine causes the placenta to grow abnormally. As a result, the transfer of nutrients is reduced, and the fetus gains weight poorly. Also, smoking raises the concentration of carbon monoxide in the bloodstreams of both mother and fetus. Carbon monoxide displaces oxygen from red blood cells. It damages the central nervous system and reduced birth weight in the fetuses of laboratory animals. Similar effects may occur in humans as well.
7. Alcohol- Michael Dorris [1989], a Dartmouth University anthropology professor, wrote "The Broken Cord". In this moving story, Dorris describes what it was like to raise his adopted son Adam, whose biological mother drank heavily throughout the pregnancy and diest of alcohol poisoning shortly after his birth,. Adam as 3 years old when he came into Dorri's life. He was short and underweight and had a vocabulary of only 20 words. But Dorris was sure that with extra care and attention, Adam would overcome these problems.
Unfortunately, Adam's difficulties did not go away. Although he ate well, Adam grew slowly and remained painfully thin. He was prone to infection and had repeated brain seizures. His vocabulary did not expand like that of normal preschoolers. When he was 7, special testing reveals that Adam's intelligence was below average and that he had difficulty concentrating. At age 12, he could not add, subtract, or identify the town in which he lived. Around that time, Dorris learned the cause of Adam's problems. A counselor who worked with Native American adolescents looked at a photograph of Adam and noticed his small head, flat nose, and droopy eyelids. "FAS, too, huh!". Now a man in his 20's has difficulty keeping a routine job and suffer from pooer judgments case, along with many other like it, reveals that the damage done by alcohol to the embryo and fetus cannot be undone.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [FAS] is the scientific name of Adam's condition. Mental retardation, poor attention, and overactivity are typical of children with FAS. They face slow physical growth, and facial pattern abnormalities like widely spaced eyes, short eyelid openings, a small upturned nose, a thin upper lip. the small head of these children indicates that the brain has been prevented from reached full development. Other defects- of the eyes, ears, nose, throat, heart, genitals, urinary tract, or immune system-- might also be present.
Sometimes, children do not display all of these abnormalities of FAS, only some of them. In these cases, the child is said to suffer from Fetal Alcohol Effects [FAE]. Usually, the mother of these children drank alcohol in smaller quantities.
8. Rh Blood Incompatibility- When inherited blood types of mother and fetus differ, in some instances the incompatibility can cause serious problems. The most common cause of these difficulties is a blood protein called the Rh factor.
These are two blood group systems ABO i.e. [A, B, AB, O] and Rh factor i.e. [Rh+; Rh-]. If Rh-factor is present in blood we are said to be Rh-positive. If Rh- factor is absent, we are said to be Rh-negative. When the mother is Rh-negative {leacks the protein] and the father is Rh-positive {has the protein}, the baby may inherit the father's Rh-positive blood type. That Rh-positive blood is dominant and Rh-negative blood is recessive, so the chances are good that a baby is dominant and Rh-positive. In most pregnancies, some maternal and fetal blood cells manage to cross the placenta during the third trimester or at the time of birth, usually in small enough amounts to be quite safe. But if even a little of a fetus's Rh-positive blood passes into a mother's Rh negative bloodstream, she began to form antibodies to the foreign Rh protein. If these enter the fetus's system, they destroy red blood cells, reducing the oxygen supply to the fetus. Miscarriage, mental retardation, damage to the heart muscle, and death around the time of birth can occur. If a baby of a Rhesus positive father and Rhesus negative mother has Rh-positive, a child's blood cells may get into the mother's bloodstream during pregnancy. Her blood may react against the factor and produce antibodies that enter the fetal circulation via the placenta and destroy its blood cells. The fetus usually dies, and if it survives, it suffers from severe jaundice and anemia [Erythroblastosis]. The chances of this are more in subsequent pregnancies. The first pregnancy is unaffected.
Since it takes time for the mother to produce Rh antibodies, firstborn children are rarely affected. the danger increases with each additional pregnancy. Fortunately, the damaging effects of Rh incompatibility can be prevented in most cases. After the birth of each Rh-positive baby, Rh-negative mothers are routinely given a vaccine called RhoGam, which prevents the buildup of antibodies in the mother's system. However, sometimes errors are made in maternal blood typing, and the mother's production of antibodies is not controlled. In these cases, blood transfusions can be performed immediately after birth if the baby is in danger or, if necessary, even before the baby is born.

9. Maternal Emotional state- When women experience severe emotional stress during pregnancy, their babies are at risk for a wide variety of difficulties. Intense anxiety is associated with a higher rate of miscarriage, prematurity, low birth weight, and newborn respiratory illness. it is also related to certain physical defects, such as the cleft palate and pyloric stenosis.
How can maternal emotion affect the baby's development? before this just understand that How your own body feels when we experienced fear and anxiety, stimulant hormones are released into our bloodstream. These cause us to be "poised for action". A large amount of blood is sent to parts of the body involved in the defensive response- the brain, the uterus, is reduced as a result, the fetus is deprived of a full supply of oxygen and nutrients. Women who experienced long term anxiety likely to smoke, eat poorly, and engage in the negative outcomes observed in their babies.
10. Maternal Nutrients- Children grow more rapidly during the parental period than at any other phase of development. During this time, they depend totally on the mother for nutrients to support their growth. Prenatal malnutrition can cause serious damage to the central nervous system. The poorer the mother's diet, the greater the loss in brain weight, especially if malnutrition occurred during the last 3 months of pregnancy. During that time brain is developing rapidly and required more nutrients, to reach its full potential.
11- AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases [STD]- It is Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It is a disease caused by human immune deficiency virus {HIV} which affects the functioning of our immune system. A fetus can be affected by HIV as it can be passed by the placenta or after birth through breast milk. STDs like Gonorrhea affect the mother by causing infertility, miscarriages, Ectopic pregnancy, and in the fetus, it causes premature birth. The other STC is Herpes affects mother by giving pregnancy complications and miscarriages and in the fetus, it caused infections in the skin, mouth, and eyes, open pores, causes brain damage, blindness or death of the newborn. Other STD's are like Syphilis and Chlamydia affects the central nervous system of the mother, brain and spinal cord, which can lead to seizures, blindness can damage fallopian tubes, uterus and mother can experience ectopic pregnancy and miscarriages. Baby can face neonatal death, stillbirth, fever, weakened crying sounds, yellowish skin, anemia, eye infection, pneumonia, and various other deformities.

Care During Pregnancy-

1] Diet- A woman's diet before conceiving can affect her child's future health. Her diet during pregnancy is more important. A well-balanced diet helps in giving birth to a healthy baby. A pregnant woman who gains 20 pounds at least is less likely to miscarry or has a baby who is stillborn or underweight.

2] Physical Care- Physical care during this period is very essential. It includes bathing, care of teeth and breast, clothing, etc.

3] Rest and Excercise- Pregnant women should take adequate rest when required. she should lay in a comfortable position. Rest reduces fatigue and blood supply to fetus becomes proper. Moderate exercise does no harm to a healthy woman. Mother can jog, swim, cycle, etc. Regular exercise helps in preventing constipation, improve circulation, respiration, better muscle tone, contribute to easier and safe delivery.

4] Antenatal checkup - This is to ensure that the mother should be fit and healthy and that there are no complications during pregnancy. In the checkup, the urine is tested for protein and glucose. The blood test is done for finding blood group, hemoglobin level, screening test, HIV test, Ulta sound test, etc. In also make woman familiar with a gynecologist who will help her in the labor.

5] Personal and Environmental hygiene- It also should be maintained. Pregnant women should undergo all the above-mentioned tests, keep herself by taking good rest, exercise in moderation, eat balanced meals. SHe must go for walks in fresh air and sunlight. To ensure healthy children she must also be cheerful and not be anxious or stressed.

6] Immunization- Regular immunization of Tetanus injections, usually in the third trimester is advised to pregnant women. Before pregnancy women can take a rubella vaccine is she is not immune to it.

7] Attitude- One of the most influential factors affect pregnancy is the attitude of pregnant women and their families towards her. If pregnancy is planned so attitude is positive but if it is unplanned the attitude is negative, which causes stress in women's life and her mind gets disturbed. The husband blames the wife for pregnancy, and later they make the child unwanted. A positive attitude towards pregnancy and motherhood is a must.

Overview- As we learned the early and late symptoms of the pregnancy and also we get to know about the danger signals during pregnancy [minor and major], and also we talked about the factors affecting prenatal development and lastly what care pregnant women should keep in mind.

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Monday, April 27, 2020

Friedrich Froebel- Biography, Characteristics of play-way method, his educational philosophy, Importance of play-way method, Indoor and outdoor play-way activities, and Froebel's Gifts.

Friedrich Froebel [1782-1852]

The basic principles of Froebel philosophy of the play-way method.

Role of teacher in a play-way method

Importance of the Kindergarten method in Modern education.

Free Play activities revolving around Kindergarten methods.

Importance of threading beads-

Importance of storytelling-

Outdoor activities.

Froebel's Gifts

Thursday, April 23, 2020

53 Amazing Newborn baby facts.

Surprising and Interesting Baby facts:-

Monday, April 20, 2020

Ramadan 2020- Facts, Importance, history, Rules of Ramadan, Fasting and Eid-ul-fitr 2020.

Rules for Ramadan and fasting.

Those who are an exemption from fasting include:-

Benefits For eating dates:-

Eid-Ul-Fitr

When Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated?

How Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated?

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Pregnancy- early and late pregnancy symptoms, types of Pregnancy Diagnostic Tests, Minor and major signals during pregnancy, factors affecting prenatal development and care during pregnancy.

Let's first talk about the symptoms of Pregnancy. [ early pregnancy sysmptoms]

Pregnancy Diagnostic Tests

Danger Signals During Pregnancy.

b] Major Disturbances-

Care During Pregnancy-

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