Breastfeeding is the most complicated part for new parents. Many parents really worry related to breastfeed their child. They have many questions regarding breastfeeding. How to do breastfeeding?
Can we store milk? How to care for the breast? And Which is a balanced diet regarding breastmilk, or many more... Which we are going to cover today in this post.

ONCE PARENTS ARE REASSURED their newborn is normal and everything is good working order. The major concern becomes feeding their baby. Actually, it's a lot simpler than seems to be indicated by the length of this post! For at least the first four months, there are only two choices, breast milk or formula. All the export agree that breast milk is the best for the babies.

•  If you decide not to breastfeed your baby or must stop for some reason, commercial infant formula is an acceptable alternative. Its composition is designed to be as close as possible to breastfeed milk and it has been processed so it's more digestible and less likely to cause allergies then cows milk.

•  Solid food or juice is not recommended for the baby before at least 4-month-old, Preferably 6 months. Solid puts more strain on the baby's digestive system and may make him more susceptible to food allergies and they WON'T help him sleep through the night!

Now whether you breastfeed or formula feeds your baby you are the most important thing to keep mind. EACH BABY IS AN INDIVIDUAL... especially when it comes to eating! Some newborns might take light longer than others to work upon appetite. And just like older children and adults, they don't always feel like eating the same amount every day. So relax and don't compare your baby's eating habits with those of his siblings are the baby next door!

Breastfeeding your baby.

THE "LETDOWN REFLEX".

 The best place to begin is by understanding how your breast produces milk. During pregnancy, your breast has become two or three times heavier as the milk gland increase. These grape-like clusters are where the milk is produced. The milk then drains into ducts that empty into milk reservoirs or sinuses that lie beneath the areola ( the pigmented area surrounding the nipples). There are between 15 and 20 openings. When the baby begins to nurse, this is what happens:-

1.  Nerves within the nipples are stimulated and a message is sent to the brain's pituitary gland.
2. A  hormone Oxytocin has released that contract the tissue around the milk glands. Another hormone Prolactin that stimulates the glands to produce milk is also released.
3.  The milk drains into the sinuses and out through the opening of in the nipples.

The whole process takes two or three minutes. It's called the "letdown reflex". You will usually feel your breast become full and the around area the areolas and nipples will tingle. Some mothers never have this feeling, even though they are"letting down". This reflex can also be inhabited by pain, emotional stress, or extreme fatigue. That why it is important to still relax and get as much rest as possible.

         Once breastfeeding is established, the "letdown reflex" can occur in response to other stimuli. Such as hearing any infant cry, the sight of another baby, or during intercourse. Mothers who are away from their babies often claim they have a sixth sense when their babies are crying and will “let down”. What’s happening is that the baby and the mother are on the same internal “timer” that signals a feeding.

TYPES OF BREAST MILK FOR BREASTFEEDING...

           The first milk that you produce is called colostrum. It is thick, yellow, and rich in vitamins, minerals, protein, and immunities that help prevent infections. Colostrum even though it looks creamy, is low in fat than formulas. One reason breastfeeds babies tend to lose a little weight after birth. It also helps the Infant pass his first Stools called Meconium. Also, Research indicated that the Soneer meconium is out of Baby's system, the less chance of developing jaundice.

      After the 15th-day transition milk is produced, which has more calories. Somewhere around the 15th day, mature milk starts to come in. Don't worry if it appears to be thin, with the bluish tinge. It is rich in all nutrients your baby needs.

Getting started BREASTFEEDING...

     for countless generations when the baby was born at home, they were put to the Mother's breast soon after delivery. Then as hospitals became the norm, a series of Routine procedures tended to separate the mother and baby for the first few hours. However current research has shown the advantages of early nursing and it's become common practice in many hospitals to allow babies to breastfeed as soon as possible after delivery.

     Your baby is born with the sucking reflex and its strongest in the first hour during the baby's quiet alert stage. Then it's normal for a baby to go into a sleepy stage without much interest in eating for a while. He may not have gotten much during this feeding first feeding, but at least he has the idea of where to find his food supply!

This early nursing also helps! Your baby's sucking or even licking the nipples helps to stimulate the release of the hormones that produce colostrum. One of the hormones Oxytocin also causes uterine contractions. This can lessen Postpartum bleeding and it gets your uterus back into its non-pregnant state more quickly. As you know you can actually feel your uterus is contracting. The strange sensation that may be a little uncomfortable but it's another example of how well the whole system is designed.

       But what if you have to deliver your baby through Cesarean Section... how soon can you nurse?  If you have had an epidural for spinal anesthetics, your baby can be put to your breasts after delivery. With general anesthetics, you must wait until the effect has worn off and then help me be needed in holding your baby. Most pain medication that is prescribed after delivery will not affect a baby through breast milk.

Now, to get you started, here are La Leche league's recommendations on basic breastfeeding technique that are based on the latest research:-

 1) Wash your hands with soap and water but not your breast-

Too much washing can cause your nipple to dry and Crack.

 2) Position yourself so you are most comfortable-

Pain and tension can inhibit letdown. Sitting up in bed or in a rocking chair is usually the easiest, with plenty of pillows to support your back and the arm that is holding the baby. It helps to put your feet up on something or rest them on the footstool.

• Don't nurse your baby in hunched over position- you are back will start to protest.
• If you cannot sit up, you can nurse while lying on your side - place a pillow behind your back.

3) It's very important to position your baby properly.

The pillow in your lap should raise him to the level of your breast. Nestle him in your arms so that his neck rests in the bend of your elbow. His back is a long your forearm and his buttocks are in your hand. Turn your baby's entire body so he is facing you. Tuck his lower arm between him and your midriff close to your body. This is called the 'cradle hold'.

•  your baby should not have to turn his head or strain his neck to reach the Nipples. It should be right in front of his mouth.
• Don't allow his neck to tilt backward- milk could be forced into his middle ear.

4) Cup your breast with the other hand supporting it with your fingers underneath and your thumb on top.

This helper a newborn who has not a strong enough suction to hold the breast in his mouth by himself.

• Your fingers should not be touching the areola. This prevents the baby from placing his Jaws on the areola.

5) Tease the baby's mouth open by gently tickling his lips with your nipples. You can also tempt him by expressing a little milk to moisten the nipple.

• Don't mash the baby's lips- he may not recognize the signal.
• don't touch the baby's cheek or side of the head to push him towards the nipples. Babies have a rooting reflex that causes them to turn towards any touch- in this, it would be away from the Nipples.

6) Here comes the most important part!

As soon as your baby opens his mouth wide, like a baby bird, center the nipple and quickly pull him. In closed underarm that's holding him. This way he will latch on to the Aeola where the milk sinuses are. The tip of the nose should touch your breast. Don't worry that he won't be able to breathe. He will get air from the sides of his nose or if your breast is very full you can use your thumb and presently on the breast to uncover his nose.

• Don't worry about getting all the areola in his mouth. If it's a large area this won't be possible.
• Don't allow the baby to let on only your to your nipple. Not only won't he be getting enough Milk but you are likely to get sore nipples. If this happens remove him and try again.
• Make sure he is not pulling in his lower lips as he sucks. If he gently pulls out his left after he begins to nurse.
• If your breast is so engorged with milk that the baby can't get a proper hold on Aeorla, hand Expresses a little milk so the area becomes softer.

7) To remove the baby from the nipple, break the suctions by placing your little finger in the corner of his mouth.

• Don't pull him off-- that hurts the nipples!

8) Give him a chance to burp, although babies don't always need to.

It's ok to wake him up if he is sleepy and then switches to the other breast. At each feeding, you should always start with the alternate breast. That way each breast has the opportunity to be completely emptied at least every mother feeding. This is important in preventing infections.

HOW OFTEN {BREASTFEED}

                Breastfeeding follows the basic principle of SUPPLY AND DEMAND. In the beginning, your body does not know much milk for baby needs. But the more often your baby nurses, the more milk you will produce. The less often you nurse the less milk. Since breastfeed milk is produced almost continuously, you don't have to wait for your breasts to fill up.

      When your milk supply is been established, the most important thing is to feed your baby whenever he's hungry. That means "demand feeding", not trying to follow any schedule. Breast milk is digested more quickly than the formula so most newborn needs to nurse at least every 2 hours 3 hours... some even more frequently. Don't be tempted into having someone else to give a relief bottle of formula during this time. Not only can it confused your baby, but he may not be hungry enough at the next feeding. You may have to become an expert at catnaps, but try to remember that your baby will eventually settle down to longer intervals.

 HOW LONG TO BREASTFEED...

           In the first few days, some doctors recommend limiting the amount of time on baby nurses at each feeding in order to prevent sore nipples. However other doctors and the La Leche league feel this isn't necessary if the baby is not nursing properly. Since it may take two or three minutes for the milk to let down, a baby should be allowed at first to knows to nurse about ten minutes on each breast. The time can be lengthened to 10 minutes on each first breast and 20 minutes on the second. A full feeding usually takes about a half-hour.

      If you are baby starts to lose interest before feeding its finish you may perk up his appetite by switching back and forth between breasts. However, some baby becomes real pros and can efficiently take in enough milk with only 5 minutes of nursing for breast.

HOW MUCH MILK...

Its natural for a new mother to wonder "Is my baby getting enough milk"? After all, there is no weight you can measure the ounces as the baby-nurses. According to the La Leche League here are the signs that should reassure you:-

• Your baby has 6 to 8 really wet diapers per day and is receiving nothing but breast milk ...no supplemental bottle of water. {Disposable diapers often do not feel as wet as cloth diapers}.
• Your baby is gaining weight at an average of 4 to 7 ounces a week. Remember that it's normal for breastfeeding babies to lose a little weight in the first week. Some babies might take three or four weeks to regain their weight.
• Your baby appears healthy, with good color and resilient skin {not loose}. He is also alert and active with good muscle tone.

CARING FOR YOUR BREASTS...

 Another advantage of breastfeeding is that you don't have to boil the nipples... thank goodness!

While no one would go that far, some women feel that it's necessary to thoroughly wash their breast with soap and water before each feeding. Not only it is unnecessary{an anti-bacterial substances is secreted with breast milk} but these frequent washing can cause the nipple to dry and Crack. Then feeding really can be painful! You can gently wipe your breast with a damp washcloth or cotton balls after feeding, but one daily washing with plain water is sufficient.

        To prevent cracking and Soreness the best treatment is to leave your nipples exposed to the air after each feeding and till they are completely dry. A nursing bra makes it easy to leave the flap down and it provides good support but makes sure it is not too tight. Cream on the breast is usually not necessary and the process of removing it before the feeding can be tough on the nipples. If you are doctor recommended and ointment like A and D apply it lightly so it has time to be observed before the next feeding some babies are fussy about flavored milk.

       It's common for the breast to become engorged 2 to 4 days after delivery or if a feeding is missed. The breast feels hard heavy and maybe painful. Your baby may also have difficulty latching on properly. You can get relief by expressing milk, on massaging the breast while taking of warm shower. During nursing, you can help your baby empty your breast more completely by massaging the breast in a circular motion. this is important in preventing mastitis or infection in the breast. If an area becomes so warm or there is redness call your doctor right away.

 HAND EXPRESSING MILK...

 It may take a little practice, but it's important for the nursing mother to be able to express some milk by hand especially if the breast is so engorged that the baby can't let on properly. The Basic technique is really quite easy:-
1) Cup your breast in your hand with your thumb above, fingers below, supporting the breast.

2) Push back towards the chest wall while squeezing your thumb and fingers together rhythmically just behind the areola. do not slide your finger along the skin.

3) Rotate your hand around the breast in order to reach all the milk ducts, it should take about 3 to 5 minutes. If you are expressing to relieve and engorgement before feeding, only do it until the areola is soft enough for the baby to grasp.

4) Switch to the other breast and repeat.

          If you want to save the milk for the later feeding make sure your hands are clean and the milk is expressed in a sterile plastic container. ( Plastic is better than glass container for collection and feeding since the cell in breast milk that protects against infection tends to cling to the side of glass jars they never get to your baby.) The milk should then be refrigerated immediately.

      Once your baby becomes an old pro at breastfeeding usually by 3 or 4 weeks and the occasional bottle is not likely to confuse him. It will certainly give you a well-deserved chance to catch up on sleep or have an afternoon off. Also, this is the time father or older sibling can get in on the fun of feeding the baby.  A bottle has the best chance of being accepted if it's given by someone other than the mother.

STORING BREAST MILK...

 If you must be separated from your baby for any time or you return to work you can express milk regularly. That way you can continue breastfeeding and your baby can benefit from all the advantages of breastmilk. Fortunately, it can be stored quite well up to the 48 hours in the refrigerator. 2 weeks in the freezer compartment of a refrigerator for up to two years in a separate freezer at 0 degrees Fahrenheit. Remember to label each batch of milk with a date and time.

Here other some other tips:-

•  After expressing your milk into a sterile plastic container, transfer into sterilized baby bottles or plastic nursery bags.
• Uses separate sterile containers to refrigerate the milk each time you Express. These cooled batches can then be combined for feeding or freezing.
• Freeze the milk in a small amount for 2 to 4 ounces so there's less chance of waste. Allowed room for expansion.
• When freezing in plastic nurser bags use them double to avoid tearing. Squeeze out the air roll down to 1 inch above the milk and fasten well. Store the bags in a box or bag design for long-term freezer storage.
• Once breast milk is defrosted never refreeze it.
• Refrigerated or thawed breastmilk will separate. So Shake it gently before giving it to your baby.

THE FATHERS ROLE IN BREASTFEEDING...

 There is obviously no way that a father can be directly involved. When an infant is breastfed, so there is no reason for him to feel guilty about the amount of the mother's time that's required for feeding. And even though it's not also normal for the father to feel a little left out of this close relationship between the mother and their baby. That is known during these early weeks when so much of mothers' energy is concentrated on nursing the father's support and help is really necessary.

        In the first place, it's so important to recognize all the time and energy new mothers spend with a baby and to give her loving reassurance and understanding. Think of it this way a baby needs to be fed with lots more than just milk babies need hugs kisses words even music and fathers adjust capable of giving this as mothers. When you do enough little things it really adds up both for the baby and for the father.

       Of course there can be a fine line between encouraging a father to be involved( that includes not been critical of the way he burps or bathes the baby and putting on more demand than. He can handle it.
        On the other hand, giving an occasional supplemental bottle can allow the mother of you are of well needed uninterrupted sleep. The most important thing is for both parents to communicate with each other how they feel and the work out the best way to make these last few weeks as relax as possible it's a very special time and it should be enjoyed.

  SAFE BREAST MILK...

 You must also be aware that your breast milk will reflect many other things besides the nutrients in your diet. Almost every drug that you take prescription or over the counter will transfer into your milk. So you must check with your doctor before taking any medication you are some other things to watch out for...

•  Alcohol___ Research is being done on the effect of alcohol. And the general opinion is that a moderate amount of one drink or glass of wine or beer a day is harmless to an infant. keep in mind that the concentration of alcohol in your milk will be nearly as much as the concentration in your blood.
• Caffeine___ This is present in coffee tea chocolate and many soft drinks. Its level is the same in breast milk as in The mother's system and may accumulate in the baby's blood. There is controversy over what level is harmful to an infant so it's best to keep your caffeine intake as low as possible.

•  Nicotine___ Although the amount of nicotine in the breast milk of moderate smokers has not been shown to be harmful to infants. Nicotine can reduce the amount of milk production. So the recommendation is don't smoke.
•  Environmental Contaminants___ There has been concerned about the level of the chemical PCB and insecticides in breast milk.

 The American Academy of Pediatrics states that most women have little to fear. If you have worked directly with toxic chemicals. Or have it in a large amount of fish taken from contaminated water. All live in an area where there is a continuously high level of pollutants. you can have your breast milk tested.

PRODUCING NUTRITIOUS BREASTMILK...

 The quantity and quality of your breast milk depend on your eating. A balanced diet of healthy foods it's basically the same requirement as to when you were pregnant this is not the time for a crash diet. Here or daily recommendations:---

1.  Five serving of the milk group __milk, cheese yogurt, etc for calcium.
2.  4 servings of protein foods. If you are vegetarian you must combined foods carefully so you are eating complete protein.
3. Four more servings of vegetables and fruits including at least one citrus fruit. Vitamin C and at least one serving of a Yellow or green vegetable or fruit vitamin A.
4. To produce enough milk your total fluid intake should be 2 to 3 quarts of milk, juice, or water, not soda with just fill up you with empty calories and often contain caffeine.
5. Four servings of whole green or enriched bread and cereals.

• Continue taking your prenatal vitamins and minerals supplements but don't consider it as a substitute for a good diet. Also don't take a large number of other supplements they can be toxic to your baby.
•  If you are strict vegetarian no milk or eggs you will produce milk this that is deficient in vitamin and you should take the supplement under your doctor's direction.

Overview-

In this post, I gave you detailed information related to breastfeeding. The types of breastmilk during breastfeeding. How can you store your milk for Breastfeeding? Hand expressing breastmilk for breastfeeding. Father's role, etc all information related to breastfeeding.

Doctor for Baby.

One of the most important things you should do in preparing for your newborn's arrival is to choose the doctor. Who will be caring for your baby? Why it is best to decide on the doctors ahead of time? Well in the first place, he or she will be able to help you in making some other decision. The decision includes, whether or not to breastfeed or if you have a boy whether you have him circumcised?

  Another reason to choose your baby's doctor before delivery is that you will have the time to find a Doctor.  Who you trust and respect but just as important a doctor who listens to you and respects your ability. As parents so how do you find someone who fits the bill?

Baby dr.

Tips for choosing your baby dr are...

 1} Getting Recommendations...

 First, you begin your search by getting the name and address of pediatricians or "family practice" doctor in your area. Remember that the location of your doctor's office is important. It should be fairly close to your home, not only in case of emergencies but also because visit the doctor has an uncanny way of coinciding with heavy rains or snow! Here are some good sources for recommendations:-
 --Your obstetrician
-- Nurses who work in the emergency room or pediatric unit of your local hospital.
-- The pediatric department of a nearby medical school.
-- You can also ask friends to share their views on parenting. But do keep in mind that the layperson may NOT be the best judge of a doctor's ability.
     If some name turns up more than once it's a good indication that you are on the right track.

2} Getting information

 The next step is to pick out two or three doctors and call their offices. But it's best to avoid calling on Monday morning since that's usually the busiest time.
You should explain to the receptionist that you are expecting a baby. Dr. So-and-So has been highly recommended and you had some information about the office procedures.
You should be able to tell a lot about the tone of the office by the willingness of the receptionist or nurse to answer your questions. But if it's a busy time, don't be put out if you are asked to call back later. If you have a friend who is using this doctor she can share her viewpoints.
Here are the important things to find out:-

• What are the regular office hours? {For working mothers, evening or Saturday hours can be real bonus}.
• What is the usual fee schedule?{Doctor in some areas generally have comparable fees}.
•  Does the doctor has a specific telephone calling us for non-urgent problems and is there a charge for these calls? { Its especially important for new parents to feel they can call about anything that worries them}.
• Will the doctor accepts your insurance and who is responsible for sending forms to the company?
• How often are well-baby checkups recommended? Are these scheduled during special hours? Is there a special waiting room so your baby won't be exposed to sick children. Who are always also waiting to see the doctor
• How far in advance do you have to schedule appointments?
• How much time is allowed for the appointment?

     Once you are satisfied with the office procedures. The final question should be "Can I schedule an appointment to meet with the doctor?" If the answer is "He is too busy " or "she doesn't feel that necessary," move on to the next doctor on your list. Fortunately, most doctors and happy to meet with prospective parents, and even if there is a charge for the visit, it's worth it.

3} Getting to know the doctor

     Many parents meet their baby's doctor for the first time at the hospital or at the first check-up and realize they don't really like him or her. Yet, by this time, they may be reluctant to change. So it's important to interview the doctor ahead of time to make sure you feel comfortable with him or her and that you are on the same wavelength.
   When you go for the interview, you can learn a lot even before you see the doctor. The waiting room should be designed to make the child comfortable, with small chairs and plenty of toys and books. And if there seems to be a backup of waiting parents, you should ask if this is usually the case. Remember, your time is valuable too.
      Then, when you meet with the doctor, be ready with your questions. In fact, have them written down, so you can get the most out of your visit. Here are something to find out:-

• How do I get in touch with you in case of an emergency?
• Who covers for you if you aren't available and how do I reach that doctor?
• Do you mind being called even if it turns out to be a minor problem?
• Now, if you have a strong feeling about anything, such as schedules, breastfeeding, or medications ask the doctor's view. Remember you want someone who will support you not fight you or intimidate you.

    Finally, the most important questions are ones that parents have to ask themselves, "Does the doctor really listen to my concerns?" "Does the doctor respect my opinion?" "If the answer is "Yes," then you know you have chosen the right doctor for your baby.

Overview- So I hope this post is very helpful for choosing baby dr, as Baby is a very important part of your life so keep following this point.

Madam Maria Montessori [1870-1952]- founder of the Montessori system.

Maria Montessori was a woman's rights activist doctor and pioneer of education for children with mental disabilities. From a young age, she wanted to be different so Maria Montessori necessarily has a set path in life.

Early Childhood life [Maria Montessori],

Maria Montessori was born in Italy on 31st August 1870 in Ancona. Her father was Alessandro Montessori and her mother was Renilde Stoppani.
Maria Montessori had a childhood in which her mother believes in discipline. As a child, Maria Montessori had already shown interest in the poor by doing some knitting for them daily. One incident at home was that as a parent was having a heated argument she dragged a chair between them stood on it and held their hands together as tightly as she could. This is an incident that begins to show her efforts of bringing the adult and the child together.

School Life.

When Maria Montessori was young she had over hereof the teacher of her mention of her eyes. And as a practice never raise her eyes at that teacher. It is here that the Montessori principle of not talking about children in front of them. And thus giving respect went to the youngest children.

As a young child, her family moved to Rome the city of a great education. Because of the boring method of teaching maria didn't like to attend school but she loves to learn. She had decided to become an engineer to pursue the school. She would have to go to technical school. Because of the time period, it was unacceptable for a woman to be an engineer. Her father told her that technical school and engineering was for boys. And if she wanted to continue her education. She would go to a classical school in classical school girls. She has to learn Latin Greek and literature as well as had to cook in. So if a woman was to have a career rather than do housework and care for children she would be a teacher. Young Maria did not like his side.

Selection of career.

She also enjoyed mathematics and science and wanted to study them. Further, Maria's mother was more open to this idea and encouraged her. Eventually, with help from her mother, Maria convinced her father. He let her go to a technical school in Rome when she turned 13 in 1883.

In her school, in which she enrolled there she was strictly separated from the boys. Maria graduated in 1886 with 138 out of 150 on her final examination. Dr.Montessori graduated with a degree in physics-mathematics from Regio Instituto Tecnico Leonardo da Vinci in 1890.

Maria continues her education in engineering at Rome's Technical Institute. There she became interested in biology and considered studying medicine. All her friends and family except her mother disapproved of her decision to become a doctor.

Struggle in the field of Medical.

Maria was told that women would never be allowed into Medical School. After support from her mother's letter recommendations from previous teachers and persistence. She became one of the first female medical students at the University of Rome. Maria's fellow classmates did not like the idea of a woman in medical school. They made jokes and often deliberately and left no place for her to sit. She played these things off and didn't mind them. As much because unlike some of her classmates, she was determined to study and become a doctor. Through all this her mother supported her. But her father did not show as much interest or support. The naked body was not allowed to see by both men and women at the same time.

Teacher Vs. Doctor.

Her parents wanted her to become a teacher. But Maria wanted to pursue higher education. By this time she had realized that she wanted to become a doctor. Madam Montessori entered in the Medical program at the University of Rome in 1893. She specializes in pediatrics and psychiatry and become a doctor of medicine in 1896.
Maria took her dissection questions alone on the first day of this class.

She was confronted by death for the first time. Maria was frightened so much that she considered giving up her dream of becoming a doctor. But she did not persist. She overcame her fear and later became an excellent surgeon.

Beginning of Maria's Carrer.

Following her graduation as a medical doctor. She was employed as an assistant at the San Giovanni Hospital attached to the university. During this time she also started a private practice.

In late 1896, she becomes a surgical assistant at Santo Spirito Hospital in Rome. During her early medical career, she was mostly with the poor and children. Maria had a deep interest in education as well as psychiatry. She used to observe the ways in which children were educated. Maria Montessori felt that children could do better if some changes were made to the existing education system.

Love Life.

She formed a relationship with Giuseppe Montesano, a fellow doctor. A son Mario was born in 1898 as a result of the union. Montessori and Montesano did not get married and their relationship ended. Because Montesano married to another woman.

A career as a Doctor.

She got an opportunity to work at a Children's Hospital. This sparked our interest in becoming a child specialist. She was awarded an exceptional score of 105 under the final examination. After being awarded her diploma on July 10^th, 1896. She was appointed as a counselor to the newly formed National League for the protection of retarded children in 1899 in 1907. She became one of the first female doctors in Italy. Riya was the assistant doctor at the university's psychiatric clinic. This provided the new doctor with an opportunity to study mentally disabled children.

 Work for Mentally Disabled Children.

For the first time, when Maria visited an asylum for mentally disabled children. She noticed something about how the children were created and knew that it was wrong. She was unfulfilled that there was nothing to stimulate the children.

Nothing present to see nothing for them to touch. She saw that there was no effort being put in to try and educate them. That society had given up on them in her mind this wasn't right. This caused her to research. What information there was on mentally disabled children. She came across the research of two French doctors Sean max gasp edita and his student Ed Watts. Who focused on educating mentally disabled children.

Maria found in her research that mentally disabled children needed Special education rather than medical treatment. She also came to the conclusion that mentally disabled children without special care and education became delinquents.

Maria's Powerful speeches.

During her lectures and speeches, she advocated for the education of mentally disabled children. They often referred to the work. She had read and how these ideas when applied had worked in other countries. These speeches gained footing and became so popular. She also started traveling to Europe for delivering lectures. These lectures were popular partly because of the way that she spoke was easy to understand. And interesting but more importantly, the ideas she talked about captivated her audience this got the attention of Italy's minister of public education.

This led to a program being developed with the goal of educating mentally disabled children she spent nearly 12 hours a day studying how these children in the program learned and taking notes on how to better educate them before reaching the goal of eventually helping them learn to read and write she worked with them on basic tasks and motor skill activities. she took a more hands-on approach she worked with each child on what they need to help was rather than putting them all together and just lecturing to them she noticed that her methods were working after how their children for only two years they were able to read and write proficiently enough to pass tests taken by children in traditional schools some even scored higher than normal after conducting her research.

Work as Caretaker.

She was later hired in an apartment in Italy to care for poor children. While their parents were working or trying to find a job. The apartment kept all the children in one place so the thing would cause less damage to the building. Maria Montessori was one of their caretakers. She observed the children what they did she watched how they performed in completed tasks. She applied some of the other methods she had used with the mentally disabled children to help teach these children.

Maria found that when these methods she had used with the other children were applied. It had a different effect. The child when performing a task would devote their entire focus on. They would not stop until they had completed the task. She also found that after the child performed the mental exercise they were happier in seemed healthier. These observations helped her revise and improve her methods of normal children.

She had developed was based around independence from the child wanting to learn he developed physical objects called materials that the child would touch and work with which would help them learn.

How a teacher should be?

The teachers acted as guides that would help the child understand the concept and keep order in the classroom. But they did not necessarily tell the child what to do when to do it or exactly how they were supposed to do. It is because what she was doing was not intended to be a normal school it was not set up like a normal school.

This allowed her to find the cause of what was going on in the Child what she had created she would later name la casa de Bambini or Children’s house enrolling around 50 to 60 children from a poor background.

Her first school become a great success and soon schools all over Italy begin following this model. The idea of the Montessori educational approach gain popularity all over the world. Soon Montessori schools were sprouting up in countries like America Germany France China and India among other Nations from 1915 to 1939

She covered countries like Spain the Netherlands and the UK in 1939. initially. When Mussolini rose to power he liked Montessori way of teaching he mandated that all schools be taught using her methods because the children who score higher on the test they would work together.

But, when Maria refused to teach fascism rather than encourage independence. The relationship quickly, fell apart in Montessori schools across Italy were closed and Maria Montessori left Italy. When he rose to power in Germany all the Montessori schools were closed for the same reason but they went to a further extreme the books of her teachings and materials were burned after she left Italy.

Maria’s Visited India...

She went and lived in India where she would live for the rest of the war. Maria played a very important role in rebuilding the education system in India during the second world war. She saw a need for peace which grows for even more to include it in her teaching philosophy. The Madam Montessori idea was appreciated by the entire globe.

She would continue to give lectures and establish schools and using her methods. As this happened she with the help of her son, Mario would record and further solidify the method materials in the curriculum used she would continue this until her death on May 6^th, 1952. She died in Noordwijk, South Holland, the Netherlands on May 6, 1952, at the age of 81.

Her Philosophy-

 Creating a peaceful environment helps to teach children about peace which provide freedom of thought in the child

Then just that Maria Montessori believed that in order to achieve peace you must do more than just talk about it. The child must learn in an environment that promotes peace within himself. The stars at a young age with the concept of grace and courtesy being touched them as well as how to express themselves. As the child gets older they are taught conflict resolution and how to peacefully solve both personal and interpersonal problems they're also taught a sense of a global community.

Maria's thought.

Children are the future of any country so there is no competition between Children versus the World. She believed that in order to make peace we must educate children not just in an academic sense but in the education of the whole. Child in her words establishing lasting peace is the work of Education.

All politicians could do is keep us out of the war the fundamental idea of her philosophy is based on the growth of the child's mind and nurturing of the child's needs for learning. Maria becomes the first female doctor in such an era when women have lots of restrictions.

The traditional ways of memorizing and rote learning are not a proper option for the thought that children. She stood up by creating a method of learning that allowed the child to be independent and think for themselves, in turn, creating that level of learning.

The teaching of Dr.Maria allowed children to implement their learning by using physical objects which helps in sharpening their future skills.

The Basic Principles of Montessori's Philosophy of Education.

Maria Montessori is the pioneer behind the Montessori Method. The Montessori materials were known as the Montessori method. "Children's house" is another name of Montessori School.

    The basic principles of the philosophy include:-

1] Development from within-

she believed that the education of a child is from within. she was of the opinion that education must help in the complete the unfolding of child individuality. A suitable environment should be provided so that the child main grows and develop the potential that is within him.

2] The the doctrine of freedom of Liberty-

 This Doctrine is the outcome of the concept of education as development her belief is that there should be no interference in the way of a child's growth and development the education should be scientific in nature.

3]Principle of individual development-

Dr. Montessori believed that every child is unique he progresses at his own speed and rate. The collective method of teaching crushes his individuality. 

She treats each child as a separate individual and does not believe in classroom teaching but individual learning. The motive of the teacher has to be that, child learning should help in growth and development

4] Principle of scientific self-education-

Montessori has shifted the emphasis from teaching to learning. Maria believed that self-educated auto educated is the only true education. She advocates that the child should remain under stop and should be independent.

Maria has devised the didactic apparatus (scientific apparatus). That attracts the attention of all children it keeps them busy spontaneously it leads them to learn the power of movement reading writing and arithmetic. The letters numbers are all engraved in wood the upper the Apparatus is self-corrective this means if there is an error the child will automatically know and he can correct the error by himself.

5] Principle of sensory training-

 Montessori outsourced that senses are the Gateway of knowledge. She advocates that sensory training is the key to intellectual development that is cognition. She pointed out that the senses are very active between the age span of 3 to 7 and that a lot of learning takes place during this period

She has designed much material for sensors training. The sensorial material provides a kind of guide to observation because it classified the impression that each sense receives, the colors, notes, noises, forms and sizes,  touch, sensations, odors, and tastes.

6] Principle of motor efficiency or muscular training.

She believed that muscular training facilitates other activities like writing, drawing speaking, etc. She stress stresses that running, walking, etc, all depend on muscular training. Methodically and systematically children learn practical life skills like how to talk, dress, and also keep the environment clean.

In the children's house, children themselves do everything. They dust the room and the furniture, wash the clothes, and do all the things that are done in a family. Children learn to wash, dress, and undress. Children learned to take care of their clothes and belongings.

7] The teacher as a directress.

According to Maria the function of the teacher is to direct not to teach. So she replaces the word "Teacher" by the word "Directress".
The teacher would not interact much but observe and help the child to learn through his own experience.

8] No place for fairy tales.

According to Maria Montessori children should not be living in of world of fantasy and fairy tales this would be unnatural for their growth and development.

9] No material rewards and punishments.

According to Maria Montessori, they are just artificial methods resulting in a natural development that children should be self-motivated and self-disciplined.

Three learning areas...

The Three Types of knowledge formed learning areas in this method as discussed above are:-

1-Exercise in practical life

2-Sensory training exercise

3-Scientific method for teaching language and arithmetic through the didactic apparatus.

Importance of the Montessori method.

How can we as educator's utilize aspects of this philosophy event in current times? given below are the major ways in which this philosophy still continues to inspire all of us.

1- Reverence respect for the individual- 

We have to respect it, child, for his uniqueness and never compare children to Madam Montessori "the child was a God and her school was a temple".

2-Using science in education- 

Today we treat education as a science and make children think independently we depend upon experimentation observation and other scientific methods for the improvement in the field of education

3- the psychological approach to education- 

In the modern system of education, we lay much emphasis on the psychology of a child. today we attach importance to needs, interests, motives, and the potential of a child.

4-Sensory training-

Training of senses through concrete experience is the foundation for connecting with the environment and gaining knowledge.

5- The unique method of reading and writing- 

The 3rs of education- reading, writing, and arithmetic have to be imparted in Unique ways.

6-Learning through living- 

Practical life skills should be included in the curriculum that enables children to learn good habits and cleanliness the children learn the lesson of the dignity of labor they are not ashamed of manual work and self-help by attending to their own needs themselves this also helps in physical development.

Didactic Apparatus in the Montessori Method.

 # three sets of solid insets.

# Graduated 3 sets of solids which contain the following:-

1- pink cubes

2-brown pyramid, stairs

3-Rods include green, red, and blue colors in alternative ways.

various geometric solids like pyramids sphere cylinder, etc.

• tables of shape and size with surfaces rough and smooth.

• small wooden tables of various weights.

• two boxes each of them contains four colored tablets.

• # a set of drivers that has a plane inset.

• #Geometrical forms of paper were used to past 3 series of cards.

• Collection of closed boxes of music Bells. For music wooden boards and discs were used.

• # tactile material.

Montessori's popular materials and uses.

 Material:-- pink tower, long Stairs, broad stairs and wooden cylinders.

1) Wooden Cylinders.

 These include four sets of cylinders,

-- Minimizing the diameter

-- depleting diameter and height

-- decreasing in diameter and increasing in height

--Contraction in the height

 The child has to take them out and put them back according to the purpose of visual discrimination and dimension.
Purpose of visual discrimination and dimension.

2)Pink Tower.

Wooden blocks with a different diameter the child has to arrange them in the right order on the contrasting color match.
Purpose visual discrimination and diameter

3) Broad Stairs.

10 wooden blocks of wood decreasing in height and breadth child arranges it in a descending order
Purpose visual discrimination of two-dimension

4) Long rods.
Long roads are reducing in length and the child has to arrange then lengthwise.
Purpose visual discrimination of One dimension

5)Geometric insets.

 where the difference at first, is very large but as the child grows older he has to  distinguish finer differences

6)Color tablets.

Three sets of color tablets in a primary color. two sets in secondary colors. 63 sets in graded colors. these have to pair.

 Didactic exercise for teaching languages and arithmetics.--

The process involved letters made with wood, which help children to learn letters and trace easily. Tables and boards also have letters engraved. Children can follow tracing, which makes him ready to learn and write by giving senses experience.

   The teaching of languages consists of a desk, small balls, and cards with letters pasted on them and also colored board of certain measurements with a letter engraved on them. By following these can help to achieve aims easily.

Kindergarten Method and the Montessori Method.

Froebel’s Kindergarten Method	Maria Montessori method.
Based on a philosophical background	Based on the scientific background
Scope of development of imagination, it has a fantasy orientation	No scope for fairy tales it has reality orientation
More scope for social development -classroom teaching	Less scope for social development
Sense training through gifts	Individual learning
Important of manual activities, gardening clay modeling	Sense training through didactic Apparatus. -self-corrective Apparatus
The teacher as a leader like a gardener activity participates	Stress on daily life activities, washing sweeping, how to take care of themselves.
The method is easily applicable	The teacher as a directress only provides apparatus and observes
Not a detailed system of teaching 3rs.	Not easy to apply an expensive
	A detailed system of teaching 3rs.

The observation about the Montessori classroom.

On their first visit, many adults are not quite sure what's going on the Montessori classroom environment is like nothing they've ever seen. Their children as young as three and as old as six in the same room at times the adults in the classroom are just observing what is going on or working with a single child. Most of the children are busy working with various hands-on materials. They seem unusually independent putting away materials they have finished with and then making their own decision about what to do next.

The structure of the Montessori classroom.

Beautiful colors make Montessori classroom look more welcoming and also to make the child independent early age so child-friendly furniture is also an important part of the Montessori classroom. The child can easily serve food by himself, can easily reach to sink to wash hands by own.

Montessori aspects.

Other aspects of the Montessori philosophy may not be immediately obvious. There's an emphasis on cooperation and respectful behavior the adults in the classroom speak to the children at their own level in a calm voice. The child should patiently wait for our chance to use the material and don't interrupt other children. Montessori activities helped children to identify errors and help to correct own mistakes.

All of the children's senses are used in the educational process another the unique aspect of the Montessori method is that it is International. Maria Montessori spent many years working with children in her native Italy. In India and traveling all around the world sharing what she had learned in working with young children.

Materials, activities, and curriculum

Today Montessori schools and training centers can be found worldwide although all Montessori classrooms are different in some ways. Materials in the Montessori classroom are organized on the base of 5 curricula which are related to practical life, sensorial language, math, and culture.

Montessori materials help to process logical knowledge which allows children to organize their thinking and problem-solving skills and children absorb the knowledge through sense.

The teacher as a guider.

No direct response from the teacher's side. She is not teaching the child as much as assisting the child in teaching herself by introducing new concepts as soon as she is ready and giving him the tools to discover the knowledge on his own small children have many life skills that they need to learn to achieve independence. Children develop a sense of pride when they're able to do things for themselves in the hurried world. Adults often will tie a child's shoes or zip up his coat to save time respecting a child's desire to be independent is a cornerstone of Montessori philosophy.

Self-help skills

Many opportunities related to learning practical life skills were provided in the Montessori classroom. With the help of activities like self dressing in front of different frames like zipper frames, snap frames, etc. which give joy to the children. These provide an opportunity to see the joy of repetition realizing that they are practicing a difficult small muscle skill important to day-to-day life is a powerful motivator for children, silver polishing is a task most adults would not expect to see a three or four years old engaging in but children love the activity polishing silver is not only beautiful it provides the child with small motor development many of the activities.

Motor skills

Montessori classroom helps to focus on the child's fine and gross motor skills and also eye-hand coordination. The handwashing activity follows a logical sequence that includes getting the water, wetting the hands, soaping washing, rinsing, nail cleaning, drying, and cleaning up. Small children love working with water many practical life activities challenge the children to control their small hand muscles to complete delicate tasks such as spooning objects from one container to another learning to pour beans from one pitcher to another and back to pouring water from a variety of containers with progressively smaller openings spilling are not a problem because the children have the skills to clean up their own work caring for the environment is the responsibility of every child.

Learning to sweep and use a dustbin wash a table water plants and even arrange flowers are all common practical life activities. Montessori classrooms also offer children many opportunities to learn to control the movement of their bodies as well as other objects in the classroom.

The girl had to use the red rods to layout a maze and carefully step to the center without touching any rod this activity improves balance. Children should provide extra time and given assistant if required to complete their task the task on their own.

Maria's Ideas

The best way to learn in Montessori is by engaging with a hands-on activity. She believed that children need to move freely in their environment and to investigate whatever interests them for these reasons.
Montessori insisted that the classroom be beautiful through years of observation, she was able to develop a curriculum that appealed to all of the child's senses a familiar sight in any Montessori early childhood classroom is the knob cylinders there are four different sets of knob cylinders each varying in dimensional characteristics the child learns to discern between subtle variations in width breath depth and height by removing the cylinders and replacing them in the proper slots the activity provides a clear example of the concept of control of error, if the child places any cylinder in the wrong slot it will be impossible to complete the task without correcting his error.
You
Oh...

Overview- 

In this post, I gave you information about Maria Montessori, the first lady doctor in Italy. How she inspired working for children. Her Montessori method and philosophy of education.

Baby Sleep.

Night sleep is really important for everyone. Yes, for your baby also! As it is believed that the baby grows in their sleep and newborn spend most of the time of their early years sleeping only.

Learn more related to newborn baby, and their growth and development.

More sleeping means the proper growth and development of your baby.

So it's the duty of parents to adopt healthy sleeping habits for your baby, it is possible by adopting healthy sleep habits. If your child can get healthy sleep, so he can easily achieve domains. So for adapting healthy sleep for baby parents should be aware of healthy sleep habits.

Learn more related to child development and the domains of child development.

 The reason some children don't sleep well is often very simple and practical if you are unsure why your child has difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep go through this checklist. You may find that you have overlooked one of the basic rules and that implementing it could make all the difference if there is one page you should bookmark is probably this on.

Do's...related to baby sleep.

1)Do establish a regular bedtime-
This will regulate your child's body clock and ensure healthy sleep-wake patterns.

2)Do avoid stimulating activities in the hour before bed- 
You can start building a brief routine into your child's pre-bedtime period from as early as 3 months but always keep it low key and relaxing.

3)Do stick to a set bedtime routine- 
A bedtime routine might include quite play a bath a story then light out and a purposeful goodnight make it Low-key and relaxing it should take no longer than 45 minutes.

4) Do enforce clear boundaries for bedtime behavior- 
This applies to you as well as your child if you have said you will give him a cup of milk in bed don't we talked into fetching a second once the boundary starts to get stretch most children will push at them more.

5)Do place your baby in his Cot when he is drowsy, not asleep- 
Try this as soon as you see the opportunity if your baby can get used to falling asleep without your presence he is likely to wake and demand you far less frequently.

6)Do leave your child awake when you say goodnight- 
This will encourage him to learn to get himself to sleep with will benefit both of you.

7)Do aim for your child to be asleep within 15 minutes of leaving him- 
This is the maximum amount of time it should take your child to fall asleep if he is still awake he may be having a nap too late in the afternoon or his bedtime-routine may be too stimulating or insufficiently focused.

8) Do try to keep day time naps regular and consistent- 
This not only helps to establish predictably times which can benefit you but is also likely to make him a better sleeper at night.

9)Do keep the bedroom at a comfortable temperature- 
The room does not need to be any warmer than 18 degrees which is probably a little slower than the rest of the house, children sleep better at a temperature slightly below rather than above-average.

10)Do keep ambient noise down- 
This means avoiding sudden sharp sound rather than tiptoeing about it. Only really matters for the first 15 minutes after lights out by then your child should be in deep sleep.

don't...related to baby sleep.

11) Don't allow your child to take a nap after 3:30 p.m. from around nine months of age.
A late afternoon nap can still sleep from the night time and make him more difficult to settle.

12) Don't give your child any stimulating food or drinks in the evening.
This includes drink such as tea coffee and Cola as well as sweet foods both caffeine and sugar is stimulating.

13)Don't put your child to bed hungry- 
Most children will settle better and be less likely to rise very early if they have eaten well in a day.

14)Don't create a settling routine that relies on props or requires your presence.
When your baby wakes at night he may need them to be able to get back to sleep. A particular object such as a dummy or interaction such as a cuddle can become sleep associations.

15)Don't bring your child into the living area during or after his routine.
This breaks the focus of your bedtime routine and sends a mixed message to your child which he will find confusing.

16) Don't feed or soothe your young baby to sleep every night.
This is easily done especially with very young babies and rarely fails. But it can create a lot for your own back if he is later unable to settle without a feed.

17) Don't respond to repeated calls for attention after saying goodbye.
Most requests for a drink a kiss or another trip to the toilet are excuses to string out bedtime and should be resisted. So that they don't become a habit.

18)Don't rush to your baby or toddler when he cries of calls for you in the night.
As long as you know his well you should wait to see whether he settled himself constantly. Providing him with your presence should create or sustain sleep problems.

19)Don't use bedtime to discuss any difficulties relating to today or tomorrow.
This may unearth difficulties or anxieties from your child's day which can interfere with sleep and are best discussed in the daytime. Try to get it out of the way at tea time.

20) Don't send your child to his bedroom as a punishment- 
If your child is to become a good and independent sleeper he needs to feel that his bedroom is the place of harmony and rest.

For knowing 50+ interesting facts about newborns do click here.

OVERVIEW-

In this post, I discussed the 20 do's and don't related to Baby sleep

For more information related to Child, Teacher and Parents do visit my Website.

      Today I'm gonna share the information about baby sleep, the sleeping patterns of the newborns, importance of their sleep for their development. As we already know about child development, we already know about the basic needs of the children at an early age in that sleeping play's very important role.      The sleeping pattern of the children was not accurate at the early stage but after 4/5 weeks their sleeping clock set properly. The researcher believes that more children sleep more their rate of growth becomes faster. Sleep plays a major role in newborn life. If the sleep of the baby is not properly fulfilled they become cranky and crying the whole day. 
   For new parents, this topic that probably becomes an important one more than any other one is "Sleep", how much sleep? Importance of sleep?Healthy habits related to sleep?

Newborn Sleep-

The Importance of Sleep.